Just over three years after the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the European Commission, on 17 June, proposed ambitious plans to phase out Russian gas. The European Parliament and Council are rushing to come to an agreement, ahead of a key January 2026 deadline. But the plans don’t affect all member states equally. Some are vocally in favour, while others are entrenched in their opposition. Gas flows, the ability and willingness to find other suppliers, legal risks and politics all play a major role. As talks advance, Contexte looks at the positions of twelve key EU countries, from Hungary to France.

Despite calls from the EU and others, the main text adopted by the UN climate summit held in Belém, Brazil, does not explicitly mention fossil fuels. Ten years after the Paris Agreement, the deal strengthens rich countries’ aid for climate adaptation, but remains vague on unilateral trade measures.